1) Product functions:

Natural rubber is used to create seals and various forms of padding for a number of automobile parts. Also it uses to make erasers. Rubber is used to make airbags that protect riders from injury’s that accidents have occurred.            

2) Specifications and why were they chosen:

An eraser is an object that is used to remove marks from paper. Most erasers are designed to remove pencil marks. Other erasers are designed to be used on typewriter marks. Some special pens contain erasable ink that can be removed by erasers.

3) Treatment applied to the material and how does this affect structure and performance:

Be pulverized into powder or dissolved in a solvent before it can be mixed. Once the natural or synthetic rubber is mixed with pigments, vegetable oil, pumice, sulfur (vulcanization), and other additional ingredients, the mixture is heated and the erasers are formed.

4) Primary form of the material at the start of the processing:

Primary form of the rubber is synthetic rubber.

5) The full manufacturing operational route for the product commenting on why this route is used:

First, carefully measured fillers, accelerators, curing agents, oils, coloring and the main Ingredient-Synthetic rubber. they start by putting a batch of rubber into a mill. the rubber passes repeatedly between large heated rollers. They throw any defective erasers from the last production run. Recycling them into

This new batch. Then they add sulfur as a curing agent accelerators to help the sulfur to do its job. And red coloring. they blend everything for five to ten minutes until the mixture is the consistency of heavy dough. Next, vulcanized vegetable oil, that’s vegetable oil treated with sulfur. Then regular vegetable oil. Then calcium carbonate as a filler. When the color and thickness are just right, workers remove the rubber. Which by now it is hot and soft as a result of all that milling. They leave it to cool and harden at room temperature for about half a day. When the rubber’s ready they cut out large squares each weighing between five and eight kilograms depending on the thickness of eraser the client has ordered. The squares go into a steam-heated press to cure for about 20 minutes at 163ºC. the pressure compacts the rubber while the intense heat hardens it. They trim off the excess. Then submerge the hot rubber squares in cold water to stop the curing process. To make erasers they cut large squares in to small shapes of rubber erasers.

6) Comment on any testing, metrology, or quality processes that occur on the product:

Eraser manufactures testing the hardness, thickness and erasing quality. thy test their quality product by hundred times erasing deferent marks (pencil marks, carbon marks, etc..) to check erasing quality.        

7) Any specific environmental issues that the product may undergo or need to perform within i.e. stress regimes, corrosive environment, elevated temperature, commenting on any material microstructural aspects that may need to be considered:

many environmental problems arise in rubber industry. These include air, water, and odor pollutions, etc. In this environmental problems and existing control techniques in each rubber production are reviewed. In rubber sheet drying industry, main concern is the smoke particles from fuel wood burning because of the presence of hazardous components such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) associated with the particles. The PAH concentration is very high in the workspace and this could have adverse effect on workers’ health. Furthermore, the wastewater in rubber drying cooperatives is not treated properly. Appropriate technologies are needed in dealing with both smoke particles and wastewater problems. Also, burning rubber particles affects the ozone layer.

8) An alternative material/ process combination that could be used for the part outlining any advantages that may be gained, particularly sustainability:

Silicone is a good alternative material for rubber. It is man-made material that is typically inert, contains low toxicity levels and is largely heat-resistant. For these reasons and rubbery texture, we can make erasers using cornstarch and silicone.