1) Product functions: 

Graphite is use to make deferent types of products. Graphite is used in pencils, lubricants and to make electrodes. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity. 

2) Specifications and why were they chosen:

Graphite produce grey or black marks that are easily erased, but otherwise resistant to moisture, most chemicals, ultraviolet radiation and natural aging. Other types of pencil cores, such as those of charcoal, are mainly used for drawing and sketching                           

3) Treatment applied to the material and how does this affect structure and performance:  

Graphite crush in a crusher to brakes graphite into small pieces. After that, adding water and oil to polarize it in a rotating mill.                      

4) Primary form of the material at the start of the processing:

 Primary form of the graphite is Petroleum coke.                

5) the full manufacturing operational route for the product commenting on why this route is used:

Graphite mind from open pigments and shut pigments. Then, crusher breaks into small Pease’s. then adding water and oil to polarize it in a rotating mill. This or soup then flows into the system that separate graphite from the impurities. The graphite particles clean to the air-bubbles and flow to the surface. skimmers send this layer of graphite from back into the mill. Five cycle later the graphite constraint is 96%. However, now it is wet so it has gone to a dryer. After spinning around at 300°C degree for about 30 seconds. The graphite become complete dry fine powder. mine that process.

To make pencil leads the combine graphite powder with clay and water. doing this 35minits mixing cycle, it critical to control the blending speed, pressure, temperature and moisture level. this produces granules. The granules going to a hydraulic press which shapes them to a cylinder-shaped block. workers then wrap the block with a film to prevent falling out and put them for week. then they load each lead block in to a hydraulic press which pushes in to a forming die to produce one long continues leads. then next machine cut the continues leads in to pencil leads. the leads are the right thickness but they soft and flexible. because they still contain water from the mixing process. Workers load the leads in to a rotary dryer at 100ºC degree. 12 hours later the leads except the dryer’s strait but not quite strong enough. So next it going to oven for 10 hours at 1000ºC degree. this firing transform the clay that mix with the graphite to straitening for their final hardness. Finally12 hour bath mixture of high quality vexes. Then, they use deferent quality tests.                                          

6) Comment on any testing, metrology, or quality processes that occur on the product:

Graphite bath mixture of high wax for 12 hours. some Quality tests are, hardness test, diameter, brake resistance & writing quality.             

7) Any specific environmental issues that the product may undergo or need to perform within i.e. stress regimes, corrosive environment, elevated temperature, commenting on any material microstructural aspects that may need to be considered:

The main environmental issue for the production of carbon and graphite is the use of poly-aromatic, complex mixtures of binder and impregnation pitches, which cannot be replaced due to the specific properties needed in the final product.                      

8) An alternative material/ process combination that could be used for the part outlining any advantages that may be gained, particularly sustainability:

We can’t use any alternative material for graphite.